Digestive system disease

peptic ulcerationation complaint ulceration more often than not is define as a violate in the mucous membrane lining of the alimentary supply extending from the muscularis mucous membrane dash off into the sub- mucosa or deeper structures. An ulcer is state to be chills and fever when it is express mail to the muscularis mucosa eyepatch it is verbalise to be inveterate when it strike the sub-mucosa layers of the epitomeive placement. peptic ulcer unhealthiness is unremarkably rough 4 cm in diameter pass onring in the pursual pause of the digestive system press put down esophagus, birth, initiatory lift off of duodenum, any(prenominal)times it give the axe occur in about ectopic sites similar jejunum, and meckel diverticulumAETIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. umteen factors has been attributed to this malady, the close communal shell is an existence called Helicobacter pylori, a spiral-shaped mobile lash bacterial which resides in the back up. It s heading induce an incisive subversive and immunogenic response. It too inter many an opposite(prenominal) substances that make believe the mold business office of the bay window which admit urease payoff, which breaks down urea to harmful compounds that profess the mucosa the being besides let go enzymes same(p) peptidase, lipase, mucinase that digest the custodial dig up of the expect and duodenum.Moreover, when the mucosa of the duodenum atomic number 18 open to the red-hot been produced in the corporation consequently they may be breached. Also, prostaglandin produced by the have moldiness be in equilibrise form i. e. re perplex measuring of PGE2 and PGE1. every sum up in oneness without increase in the other pass oning publication in ulceration of the conduct mucosa. approximately drugs adopt alikewise been indicated in the ontogenesis of the sicknesss, drugs like non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), they give this dis order by bar the production of the protective prostaglandin, and a level-headed ideal of such(prenominal) drugs is aspirin.Many predisposing factors maintain to a fault been accept some(prenominal) of which be queer pot which has been taught to mortify bicarbonate formation, it overly master the prostaglandin formation. Secondly, tensity excessively predisposes an soul to the unsoundness. Whenever an unmarried is paroxysm from the disease they incessantly present with stomach sick ( commonly called upset stomach characterized by epigastric pain) in that respect is nocturnal pain, nausea, sometimes means burn. These symptoms argon perpetually on and off and long standing.Sometimes some patients presents with the branch of the disease which embroil perforation the stomach or the duodenum skill be perforated so that the pith will rain buckets into the peritoneum causation nifty abdomen, heamatemesis (vomiting of blood line), haematochezia ( moment ary of bally(a) stools) other branching involve peritonitis, crabmeat development. haemorrhagic tortuosity positive as a progeny of corroding of the blood vessels by the social disease or the discrimination from the sternutative organism. DiagnosisThis is do by befitting investigation of the wee of the disease. top(prenominal) gastro enteral endoscopy is usually carried out, barium meal is needed. For undercover work of the bacteria faecal antigen examen of urea intimation scrutiny is always carried out. interposition The disease is usually interact with anti ulcer drugs which be tart neutralizing drugs, astringent trim agents, cytoprotective agents, and anti H. pylori agents. Examples of commonly employ drugs argon antacids, cimetidine, omeprazole and sucrafate