Byzantine Islamic Empires Comparison Essay Research Paper free essay sample

Byzantine Islamic Empires Comparison Essay, Research Paper Byzantine and Islamic Domains Q Introduction Both the Islamic and in the Byzantine Empires had extremely of import cultural developments. There are contrasts between the two Empires in all features, all things considered both were effective. The Byzantine was bit of the incomparable Roman Empire and the Islamic Empire was based on profound conviction. Q Comparison in workmanship In the Islamic culture visual humanistic controls are restorative, and vivid. The Islamic workmanship was influnced by the confidence in the nation. The Byzantine Art was unvarying and prefected inside a carinate custom rather than by close to home inclination. Byzantine craftsmanship included engineering, pictures, enlightenment humanistic controls, frivolity, gold work and finish work. Islamic workmanship included earthenware production, glass, metal work, textures, original copy delineation, and woodwork. The trademark craftsmanship way of the Islamic Empire was arabesque. Design of the early Byzantine Empire supported the utilization of large arches and vaults. We will compose a custom paper test on Byzantine Islamic Empires Comparison Essay Research Paper or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page In the head of these arches was an image of the Pantocractor { the Godhead God } . Muslim individuals utilized vaults for there most commended profound design, Dome of the Rock. Islamic individuals utilized handwriting in original copy and in design. Q Comparing Religion Muslim individuals had faith in one omnipotent, lenient, and simply God. The Byzantine had confidence in the Greco-Roman confidence until the Byzantine individuals began to change over to Christianity. The Emperor Justinian attempted to bring together the Byzantine Empir nutrient E under one Christian church. Muslim individuals live by a lot of good codifications and follow their God. Muhammad is viewed as a prophesier and thought about Godhead. Q Comparing Moral Codes Muslim individuals are structure to respect their parent and give grace to their neighbor, secure vagrants and widows and provide for the hapless. The Byzantine individuals requested pagan individuals to venture out to chapel and all individuals. Every unpersuaded individuals could non obtain benefit of legacy. In Constantinople homosexualism was normal and Justinian was worried that the fierceness of God would get down the city of insidiousness. Q Comparing war vessel designs Muslim individuals express their devotedness in requests completed multiple times a twenty-four hours at first light, noontime, evening, nightfall and in the eventide. The Byzantine individuals utilized serenade and songs here and there. St. Ramanos Melodos kept in touch with a portion of the more commended song of devotion. In the Muslim human advancement individuals journey back to the Mecca for specific love at a specific clasp of the twelvemonth. In the Byzantine Empire individuals figured out how to utilized education through the congregation and did non require to be prosperous to make. This was one of the main open doors for average folks to larn how to peruse and form. q Decision In spite of the fact that the Byzantine Empire crumbled quite a while in the past, it can at present be contrasted with the Islamic Empire in how extraordinary it was. The two of them had cultural advancements that made some of import progresss. The specialists and craftsmanship where both influenced by solid confidence in both imperiums. Both were extraordinary imperiums at there cut with there ain one of a kind and shared characteristics.

Literary Genre free essay sample

Whats Love free essay sample

â€Å"What’s amiss with her?† I requested as Me-Me, my incredible grandmother, lay in a clinic bed biting the dust of malignancy at 94 years old. While she had beaten malignant growth previously, I realized that this time her demise was impending. On the off chance that my demise had been conjecture rather than Me-Me’s what might I need most? I’d need to realize I was cherished. I visited her as regularly as could reasonably be expected, however an hour drive and no vehicle kept us truly separated. I set out to think of her a letter each week, not out of commitment, however out of affection. These letters contained the things I’d been up to that week, school, sports, companions, and more school. I generally marked my letters â€Å"love Kirsten, my family sends their adoration, and get well soon†. I couldn’t understand that Me-Me would discover any subtleties of my repetitive life fascinating. Be that as it may, she demanded that she cherished got notification from me so I proceeded. We will compose a custom exposition test on Whats Love? or then again any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page I wasn’t expecting what my mother brought me home in the wake of experiencing Me-Me’s possessions†¦all the letters I had kept in touch with her. I couldn’t contain it any longer and I burst into tears. Because I was miserable, yet additionally in light of the fact that I realized what I’d done had made her life somewhat better. She was one of the principal passings I needed to really adapt to and it terrified me the amount I could adore somebody and afterward lose them. Me-Me was one of the primary individuals I set aside some effort to think more about than myself. She encouraged me what love implies.

Alexander Pushkin free essay sample

Pushkin was both a sentimentalist in his works and not, all simultaneously. Starting at age fifteen, he distributed sonnets and composition, and in the end his novel, Eugene Onegin. He is the William Shakespeare of Russia, impacting even the language by enhancing with his own jargon. He composed everything from verse, to short stories, even close to home papers and news coverage pieces. A considerable lot of his works speak to a profoundly romanticized perspective on the world. For instance, â€Å"A Little Bird† alludes to opportunity just as it is the one thing that can comfort him. â€Å"Eastern Song† is about an individual who roused him by their appearance and manner, caused him to feel ecstasy and was a dream. These both speak to sentimentalism since they are about things that not every person gets the chance to understanding, and it utilizes wide ideas of adoration and opportunity, as opposed to an increasingly practical perspective on things which gets down to the better purposes of life, the awful side of opportunity and the distress of lost love. We will compose a custom paper test on Alexander Pushkin or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Be that as it may, he likewise handled pragmatist thoughts as well, and brought them into different sonnets. For instance, â€Å"Demon† is about an inclination that Pushkin had that caused him to feel exploitative to his nation, since it made him take a gander at the darker side of life, instead of the brilliance and wonder of the veil over top of life. Furthermore, his sonnet â€Å"Goblin of the Steppes,† recounts to the account of tempests upon his home, upon his bliss. A more extended sonnet, this one rehashes the line, â€Å"sad is the paradise, pitiful is the night,† underscoring the murkiness Pushkin could see on the ascent surrounding him. Arion† could be taken as in any case, from its dim story of a submerged boat as practical, or from its sentimental side as the mariners breakdown on shore, all dead however settled in the sea. Despite the fact that it vanquishes a practical subject of wreck without real sentiment, it likewise appears to commend it as a somewhat sentimental method of biting the dust, floating to the base of the ocean, never to be seen alive and strolling again. His works are extremely confused, Eugene Onegin, a novel in stanza, takes up two volumes in interpretation. Eugene Onegin was distributed sequentially under the tsar’s nose, while a play of his, Boris Gudonov couldn't be distributed because of the exacting standards of the tsar. His works incorporate components from all over Russian writing, from more seasoned wording to fresher, adapted composition. They differ in subject, tone and state of mind, from easy to all the more profound and unpredictable, each in their own right. Alexander Pushkin was a creator whose works followed the adjustments in the writing of the time. In the first place, he composed very romanticized pieces, yet as things became more enthusiastically in Russia, his works started to reflect progressively practical angles, anyway staying in his particular style.

Risk Management in Automotive Vehicle Industry -myassignmenthelp

Question: Talk about theRisk Management in Automotive Vehicle Industry. Answer: Writing Analysis Presentation The hazard in car vehicle industry is mostly because of the current variety in the trade paces of the nation (Dawson, Searle Paterson, 2104). The variety in paces of the money between US dollar and the British pound is about 60%. The variety pace of the Japanese Yen is even a lot higher. As indicated by Drauz (2014), Australias economy is another hazard that patterns on the hazard the board. On the off chance that the danger of the car vehicle industry isn't controlled, at that point the economy of the nation likewise gets diminished. Save parts creation and gathering of vehicle is going extremely high in Australia. Changes are likewise found in the advancement of the innovation of the vehicle business. There is peril and danger of the exchange of the vehicle business. The brake segment makes have more hazard than hood part Manufacturer Company. The hazard that is associated with the car business relies upon the absolute volume of the creation (Pinkse, Bohnsack Kolk, 2014). An assembling organization that deals $50.000.000 sum would encounter peril of hazard to that of the organization which deals $50.000 US dollar. Australias vital job in the worldwide market As per Litman (2014), the principle challenge of the car maker is to accomplish good measure of benefit. The expense of recently made vehicles is noteworthy as expressed by Research and Development. To remunerate with the creation cost of assembling, adequate measure of offer ought to be finished. There is outrageous rivalry in the vehicle car industry of Australia as there are numerous organizations that rise up out of different districts from the worldwide markets (Bell et al., 2014). This makes a weight on different brands that are built up in Australia. The significant piece of vehicle car industry is the trade rates that are accessible in Australia. The vehicle car maker of Australia primarily works in the worldwide market. Numerous produces relies upon the fares that increases satisfactory deals of the organization. The conversion scale dangers are reduce by setting up the organization in the spots close to the organization where the vehicle is sold (Huckvale et al., 2015). Late reduction in the Japanese money Yen to US cash Dollar had prompted a lot of benefit in the Japanese vehicle fabricates. It is a lot of hard for Australia to keep up its opposition in the market universally because of its high pace of money. To increase gainful mount of offer, essential fares are to done by the produces of Australia in this serious market. The vehicle car businesses of Australia have expressed that administration help is required so as to adapt up to the opposition of the swapping scale in the market of Australia. As per Bahr (2014), with the ascent of engine vehicles in the coming economy, the interest is relied upon to ascend later on internationally. The nations that are creating economies have an enthusiasm to purchase an engine vehicle. In rising nations, the interest of purchasing engine vehicle are a lot higher than that of the created nations where there is now a climb of engine vehicle and that is constantly expected to continue as before. Hazard Identification Processes Another essential component for venture hazard the board of vehicle in car industry is the hazard ID process. All the variable sorts and likely fixed of dangers that are related with car producing by vehicle industry in Australia. The dangers are not just confined to the vehicle organization of the assembling business. It is additionally confined to the unnoticed that are there in the workplaces (Borghini et al., 2014). The procedure of hazard distinguishing proof is iterative. It is a ceaseless procedure. To get a keep an eye on if all the sources of info are similarly utilized or if the architects are accomplishing their work as they are told or the systems of the assembling organization are working appropriately or not, procedure of hazard distinguishing proof is finished. The dangers that is available in the System Engineering Program that is considered as most genuine hazard distinguishing proof (Martn-Pea, Daz-Garrido Snchez-Lpez, 2014). The directors of the offices distinguish them as the hazard occasions. The administration dangers, hazard with respect to human capital, gracefully chain chance and operational hazard are the hazard that is available in the System Engineering Program. The dangers that are interlinked with one another and re recognized ceaselessly are utilized during the time spent alleviating the danger of the business. Hazard Analysis and Evaluation Processes Hazard examination and hazard assessment of the hazard the board procedure is the procedure that comes after hazard distinguishing proof. This is a significant piece of hazard that is distinguished in the hazard the board of the vehicle car. Distinguishing the hazard that are available in the framework module of building, the group of hazard audit would dole out the errand of prioritization of hazard and break down the hazard where amazingly genuine hazard are separated from the dangers that are typical and they are moderated to the subject according to the prerequisite (Kou, Peng Wang, 2014). The car vehicle industry of Australia faces hard rivalry from the offices of government, the hazard that is most extreme originated from the finish of government. The vehicle enterprises of Australia distribute the yearly reports that emphasis on the viewpoints that are legitimate. Such sorts of viewpoints are freedom of duty, CSR achievement and assessment liabilities. Unreasonable expense of assembling and the deals that are declining are identified with chance administration (Onat et al., 2016). The Assessment Team of the Feedback is to be useful for this sort of angles. The criticisms that the client offers are to be gone to deliberately by the administration of the vehicle business likewise go to the discussion of client audit that are send on the web. The recommendations that are given by the clients, issues identified with item inquiry and objections are to be all around started by the supervisory group to address the disadvantage os the business. The significance of the business to the Australian economy Estimating the GVA (Gross Value Add) of the business or the work, not generally gives full record of industry to add to the economy of Australia. The industrys streams to create broadly are the business and creation of the car vehicle industry (Sierzchula et al., 2014). From the investigations of car industry, it has been seen that the enterprises are high multipliers. The multiplier differs between 2.9 to 10. The streams on the impact on the encompassing enterprises are so much significant that each $1 GVA that are given by industry of the car fabricating the advantages of economy extends between $9 to $1.9 dollar. The legislatures help of 1$, the economy of the Australia gets financial advantage of 18$. CGE (processable general harmony) is utilized by the economy of the Australia and is known as powerful TERM model. Synopsis The systems that are portrayed in hazard the board procedure give a total administration of hazard. The ways by which the hazard the board is controlled are depicted in the process so as to achieve the task time and assets. The economy of the car vehicle industry additionally mirrors the economy of Australia. The hazard that are identified with the vehicle business are recognized first and afterward the hazard is broke down and assessed for the further appraisal. In the wake of breaking down this hazard, the hazard id upgraded by the supervisory group of the car vehicle industry and preventive controls are taken that are to be done to maintain a strategic distance from those hazard. The procedures that are associated with dealing with the hazard are al examined intricately in the board the hazard. Strategy Optional information are those information that are amassed by some different sources other than the client. Normal hotspots for the car vehicle industry are the exploration papers and measurements that are aggregated by the legislative offices, records of the association and the information that were gathered with the end goal of different specialists. The information that are essential are amassed by the individual who is directing the exploration paper. The time is spared by the utilizing the auxiliary information. A great deal of time is squandered for gathering the information, especially the information that are required for the examination work. Investing this quite a bit of energy isn't feasible for any analyst to get of their own. Auxiliary information is basic for examiners of financial and social change. It is unimaginable to expect to deal with another study for the necessary information that are required for the examination work. For promoting research search, the auxiliary information might be not valuable in light of the fact that the information might be out of date. Information that are utilized in the exploration are acquired from the auxiliary information of various sources, for example, progress reports, libraries and web look. Point The fundamental point of the examination venture is to recognize and break down the various sorts of dangers related with the car vehicle industry in Australia. The exploration venture additionally has the point of discovering some reasonable approaches to lessen the dangers factors related with the picked business. Question What are various sorts of hazard factors related with the undertaking the board in the car vehicle industry in Australia? What are the principle challenges related with hazard factors in the undertaking the executives in the car vehicle industry in Australia? What are the appropriate procedures for defeating from the difficulties because of the hazard factors related with the task the board in the car vehicle industry in Australia? References Bahr, N. J. (2014).System wellbeing designing and hazard appraisal: a useful methodology. CRC Press. Chime, J. M., Frater, B., Butterfield, L., Cunningham, S. D., Dodgson, M., Fox, K., ... Webster, E. (2014). Making sure about Australia's future: The job of science, research and innovation in lifting Australian efficiency. Borghini, G., Ast

Loans With No Credit Check Sound Great; Here Are the Risks

Loans With No Credit Check Sound Great; Here Are the Risks Loans With No Credit Check Sound Great; Here Are the Risks Loans With No Credit Check Sound Great; Here Are the RisksIt’s all about finding the right loan for you and also avoiding the many no credit check loans out there that could trap you in a predatory cycle of debt.When you have bad credit and you need a loan, the last thing you want is some lender running a credit check on your application. You already know your score is lousy, and you don’t need a hard credit check dropping it even further.That’s where no credit check loans come in. But while they might seem perfect for someone who needs money now and has bad credit, they come with significant risks. Before taking out a loan with no credit check, you need to know exactly what you’re getting yourself into and what potential pitfalls to avoid. What are no credit check loans?The most common types of no credit check loans are payday loans, which are also known as “cash advances.” These are small-dollar short-term loans that rarely run more than a couple  of hundred dollars an d that come with an average repayment period of two weeks.Title loans are another type of short-term no credit check loan; they come with slightly higher principals and longer repayment periods. Unlike payday loans, title loans are secured, using the title to the borrower’s car or truck as collateral.No credit check loans are oftentimes much easier to obtain than regular personal loans. Even though they don’t run a credit check, some lenders will verify a borrower’s income before lending to them, while others simply ask for as little as an ID and a valid bank account.Why don’t these lenders check credit scores?When you apply for a loan from a traditional lender like a bank, they will check your credit history as a part of the application. This involves running a hard check” on your credit, which returns your credit score and a copy of your credit report.Checking your credit history allows these companies to assess how you’ve fared when borrowing money in the past, and it also gives them a window into how much debt you currently owe. Both of these factors help them make their decision. If you have a poor credit score, the odds are very high that you’ll be rejected.But with no credit check loans, the process is quite different. These are bad credit loans, which  are most often used by people who already have low credit scores. This makes checking the borrower’s credit a little beside the point.When a lender runs a hard credit check on a person’s credit history, that check is recorded on the borrower’s credit report and can temporarily lower their scoreâ€"even if the application is denied. One of the main advantages to no credit check loans is that applying for one won’t impact the borrowers credit score at all.However, there are also many downsides Theyre more expensive.Since most no credit check loan borrowers have lower credit scores, the default rate (or the percentage of customers that fail to pay back their loan) is much higher than th e default rates for regular loans.As such, no credit check loans come with much higher interest rates than standard personal loans. And some of them, including payday loans and title loans, come with rates that are way, way higher! (This is true for both online loans  and loans from a brick-and-mortar lender.)But it can tricky to see just how much higher they really are. Standard personal loans come with interest rates below 36 percentâ€"and oftentimes well below that for borrowers with prime credit scores. Meanwhile, the average rate for a payday loan is 15 percent, while the average rate for a title loan is 25 percent. Those numbers seem a little on the higher side, but generally fine.Except here’s the catch: The interest rate for those personal loans is assessed on an annual basis, while those interest charges for payday loans are only assessed over periods of two weeks and one month, respectively.Whenever you’re shopping for any kind of loan or credit card, make sure you che ck its annual percentage rate (APR) to get a similar comparison between products. The APR for a two-week payday loan with a 15 percent interest charge is almost 400 percent, while the APR for a one-month payday loan with a 25 percent interest charge is 300 percent!As we said, the interest rates for some of these no credit check loans are way, way higher!It wont help your credit score.The most important part of your credit score is your payment history, which makes up 35 percent of your total score. Every time you make a credit card payment, a loan payment, or even pay your rent (in some cases), that information gets recorded on your credit report. So much as one late payment can dramatically impact your score.For folks with bad credit, building a positive payment history is one of the best things they can do to improve their score. But with short-term no credit check loans, most lenders don’t report payment information to the credit bureaus, meaning that on-time payments cant help borrowers build their payment history and improve their overall score.This is the flipside of no credit checks. These lenders don’t care if their customers have poor credit, but they don’t take steps to help customers improve their credit, either.But this isn’t true for all bad credit lenders. Some companies, like OppLoans, do report payment information to the credit bureaus. Before you take out a loan, check and see whether it could help you build better credit!You risk entering a cycle of debt.Here’s how a cycle of debt works: A borrower has so much debt that they can’t afford to pay it off. All they can afford to do is make their minimum paymentsâ€"which isnt nearly enough, but still adds up to quite a bit of money every month.Because they’re putting so much money into their debt, they can’t afford to save any money either. When an unexpected bill arises, all the person can do is …. take on more debt to cover it! This means they have to start putting even more mo ney towards their monthly minimum payments. And so the cycle continues.Here’s a slight variation on that: A person takes out a $300 payday loan to cover a car repair and has to pay back $345 two weeks later. When their due date arrives, they find that paying $345 all at once will leave them with no money to buy groceries.This person then pays off their loan and immediately takes out a new payday loan, once again paying $45 in interest on a $300 loan. Two weeks later, the same thing happens. This time, they roll over their loan, paying off the $45 owed and receiving a two-week extension … in return for an additional $45 interest charge.Two weeks after that, they still can’t afford to pay back their loan, and so the cycle continues.A study from the Pew Charitable Trusts found that well over 80 percent of payday loan borrowers didn’t have the money in their monthly budgets to cover their loan payments. This is partly because payday loans (and other short-term no credit check lo ans) require borrowers to pay their loans off all at once.If you’re looking for a no credit check loan, look into the benefits of an amortizing installment loan. These loans are designed to be repaid in a series of smaller, regularly scheduled paymentsâ€"and their amortizing structure means that every payment goes towards both the interest and the principal amount owed. Each payment you make will bring you one step closer to zeroing out your debt.Look into a “soft credit check” loan.Folks with bad credit who need to borrow money to bridge an unexpected financial gapâ€"and who can’t borrow it from friends or familyâ€"should look into a variation on no credit check loans called “soft credit check” loans.A soft credit check returns less information than a hard credit check, but it still gives a lender some idea of a borrower’s history with credit. Along with other underwriting factors, like income verification, a soft credit check can help a lender determine whether or no t a person can actually afford the loan they’re applying for.And that’s really the key. When you have bad credit and you need a loanâ€"especially in times of financial emergencyâ€"it’s all too easy to borrow a loan that you can’t really afford to pay back. That’s how people end up trapped in a cycle of debt, with their financial outlook looking dimmer by the day.Credit-building. Manageable, amortized payments. Soft credit checks. Reasonable interest rates. Find a lender who can offer you all of these, and you’ll be well on your way to finding a no credit check loan that works for you.Other than building an emergency fund, the best way to avoid no credit check loans is to improve your credit score! To learn more about how you can fix your credit, check out these related posts and articles from OppLoans:Want to Raise Your Credit Score by 50 Points? Here Are Some TipsNo Credit Card? Here Are 6 Ways You Can Still Fix Your Credit ScoreCredit Utilization Ratio: What It Is, Wh y It’s Important, and How to Master ItWhy You Should NOT Close That Old Credit CardDo you have a personal finance question youd like us to answer? Let us know! You can find us  on  Facebook  and  Twitter.  |Instagram

Hamburg-America Line - 1650 Words

Hamburg-America Line (Research Paper Sample) Content: Hamburg-America Line Name: Professor: Course: Date: Summary The current Hamburg-America was created on September of 1970 when Hamburg-Amerikanische Packetfahrt-Actien-Gesellschaft (Hapag) and North German Lloyd (NDL) merged. Prior to the merger, the two companies have great histories as separate entities. Hapag was founded in Hamburg in 1847 and NDL in Bremen ten years later. They both became successful, and featured on international front, because of their involvement in the emigrant transport business to the Americas. Besides the two plying the Atlantic waters, they engaged in joint ventures that created good foundation for the merger. Changes in the industrial and agricultural sectors witnessed in all corners of the universe meant great expansion for Hapag. Further changes occurred as a result of the wars. During the war periods, the company lost its fleet. Building anew became the norm each time the war comes to an end. The end of World War II, however, had more negative repercussions than with the first. The Hamburg-America line has seen many laws enacted. Its activities in 1930s led to enactment of anti-immigrant laws in the US and later the Holocaust law. Such has reshaped the history of water transport and movement of technology, ethnic diversity, especially in the US. Major trade routes came to be because of Hapag and other major lines. Feeder routes were also developed to ensure goods penetrated to the desired locations. Great profits were made and the lines played an important role in international commerce and the developing world economy. Many of the lines were badly affected by World Wars. Changes in America's immigration policy ended the large-scale transport of emigrants. Further damage to the lines occurred as a result of the Great Depression. The success of the transatlantic trade with all the major ships experienced several challenges. The shipping cartels caused numerous troubles both to the companies and the immigrants. The Transition from sail to steam in immigration to the United States Hamburg-America line was a major transatlantic steamship company started in Hamburg, Germany, back in 1847 under the name of Hamburg Amerikanische Packetfahrt Actien Gesellschaft. It rapidly grew as a successful business venture to the world's largest shipping company that handled immigration activities to the USA. During the World Wars, the company established a liner that served as the largest departure point for German and European immigrants to North America until when it closed in 1969. A number of this company's vessels were seized during the war. The US, in particular, took the Vaterland, renamed and used it as a warship. Other ships were given to allies as war reparations. By the end of both the WWI and WWII, Hamburg-America line had lost nearly all its fleet twice. In order to get back, the company later merged with the Bremen-based North German Lloyd to form the present day Hapag-Lloyd. With strict restrictions lifted, Hamburg-America started again. By the time it came back to business, many shipping companies had been started. They had become stronger due to lack of stiff competition. However, Hamburg-American line avoided costly rivalry in order to grow. It went back to the old trades, even with no operating agreement, at first as cargo-only service. In conjunction with NDL, Hamburg-America opened service with monthly sailings to the Far East. By 1955 Hamburg-America had resumed all the major routes, not only operating as cargo ships but also did a little of sea tourism (Cohn, 2005). Summary The trans-Atlantic trade route provided a way by which transition from sailing ship to steamship took place. The time used to travel the distance decreased with each advancements on the locomotives. Though not so gradual, the transition period took longer, 15 years, because of construction lagged and the ever increasing immigrant numbers. Voyage of the Damned By 1896 Hamburg-America line had 102 vessels carrying approximately 269, 500 tons. With these numbers increasing, the company maintained weekly express service, offering the public the convenience of travelling between America and the European Continent with absolute safety, in the shortest possible time, and with a degree of comfort that was unmatched. The ships connected the ports of Hamburg and New York via Southampton, and later from Eastern Europe. Initially, it only linked European ports with the ones in North America. It later established connections to all parts of the world. Increasing number of emigrants created lucrative trade for the steam ship companies. Such developments gave rise to the great steamship lines of the 19th and 20th century. The major steamer lines were American, British, Dutch, and German, but many countries had smaller lines. One of the most noted steamer lines was Cunard which came to dominate the Atlantic passenger trade (Gordon, 1974). Summary The merger of Hamburg-America and NDL brought competition to an end and fostered cooperation that saw the two companies at the top of shipping business. The two companies had mutually operated alongside each other for over a hundred years. This is a journey of a company establishing itself as the best in service all over the globe. Maritime history and history of migration At the time of establishment, there was political problems in Germany that made many people to immigrate to new countries. After the war between France and Germany it started a line to the West Indies, and later to Baltimore, Boston, Montreal and other ports in North America. On the other end of the Atlantic, the European economies grew equally as fast, with Britain trailing after Germany and France in industrialization. Thirdly, because of rapid increase in production in several countries, technical advances became fast making water transport cheaper, fast and readily available. Fourthly, opening of several sea channels like the Suez in 1859 reduced both the distance and cost of transporting goods to the Far East. After the war, Hamburg-America had to start all over again from the little left of its former self. It was banned from all the major oceans with ship's maximum size limited to 1, 500grt. This move made the company to provide services to seaside resorts, invest in catering and towage. The company paid for its country's mistakes. All German ships were grounded from plying international waters by the allies (Tonizzi, 2004). Summary The North Atlantic trade route developed because of the immigrants mostly fleeing the politically and social Europe at the time. Russia and Lithuania experienced turmoils that resulted to mass exodus of immigrants. The Politics of Exit: Reversing the Immigration Paradigm Appreciable developments took place with the expansion of world trade and ocean commerce. This changes occurred after great progress was registered following the American Civil War (1861-65). To start with was the skyrocketing growth of the US that immensely increased the production of both industrial and agricultural commodities. The influx of immigrants into the US changed its ethnic composition. It affected America's industrial process and economy in a very noticeable way. Though the immigrantsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ numbers drop significantly due to shipping c...